Who Is Alan Turing Essay Example for Free

Who Is Alan Turing Essay Alan Turing (1912 1954) was a British mathematician, logician, and cryptographer considered by many to be the father of computer science. His contributions to breaking the German Nazi Enigma code during WWII were considered pivotal to the Allied war effort. Alan Turing formulated multiple ideas that now lie at the foundations of computer science and computability theory, such as the idea of a Turing machine or the Church-Turing thesis. Contributions  Computer designer In 1945, Turing was recruited to the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in London to design and develop an electronic computer. His design for the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) was the first relatively complete specification of an electronic stored-program general-purpose digital computer. Had Turing’s ACE been built as planned, it would have had considerably more memory than any of the other early computers, as well as being faster. However, his colleagues at NPL thought the engineering too difficult to attempt, and a much simpler machine was built, the Pilot Model ACE. In the end, NPL lost the race to build the world’s first working electronic stored-program digital computer—an honour that went to the Royal Society Computing Machine Laboratory at the University of Manchester in June 1948. Discouraged by the delays at NPL, Turing took up the deputy directorship of the Computing Machine Laboratory in that year (there was no director). His earlier theoretical concept of a universal Turing machine had been a fundamental influence on the Manchester computer project from its inception. Turing’s principal practical contribution after his arrival at Manchester was to design the programming system of the Ferranti Mark I, the world’s first commercially available electronic digital computer. Artificial intelligence pioneer Turing was a founding father of modern cognitive science and a leading early exponent of the hypothesis that the human brain is in large part a digital computing machine. He theorized that the cortex at birth is an â€Å"unorganised machine† that through â€Å"training† becomes organized â€Å"into a universal machine or something like it. † A pioneer of artificial intelligence, Turing proposed (1950) what subsequently became known as the Turing test as a criterion for whether a machine thinks.

Matthew and Lukes Modifications :: essays research papers

Matthew and Luke’s Modifications   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The authors of the Gospel According to Matthew, and the Gospel According to Luke made some considerable modifications, deletions, and additions to the Gospel of Mark. To the average reader the changes seem rather significant and one might ask why these changes were made. Well, there are several reasons why these changes were made. For example, the authors wanted to show readers that Jesus was more holy than the original author set him out to be. Also, the authors sought after to express the gospel in, what they thought, were better words to make it appear more authentic. Furthermore the authors of the Gospel According to Matthew and the Gospel According to Luke wanted simply to modify the text because they didn’t see eye to eye with what the original author said.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beginning with the author of Matthew we can see in the verse of Mark 3.22. It states, â€Å"And the scribes who came down from Jerusalem said, ‘He is possessed by Be-el’zebul, and by the prince of demons he casts out the demons.’† However it is stated in Matthew 12.24 â€Å"But when the Pharisees heard it they said, ‘it is only by Be-el’zebul, the prince of demons, that this man casts out demons.’† The author made this change to specifically show that it was the Pharisees, not the scribes, who thought that Jesus was possessed by the devil. Although, eventually many people believed that Jesus was possessed, I believe that the author modified the text to show that the Pharisees were the ones who originally stated this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2 An example of the author portraying Jesus as more holy, or God like, occurs in Matthew 17.22. It says, â€Å"As they were gathering in Galilee, Jesus said to them, ‘The Son of man is to be delivered into the hands of men, 17.23 and they will kill him, and he will be raised on the third day.’ And they were greatly distressed. On the other hand, Mark mentions in the verses 9.30-9.32 that Jesus is speaking specifically to his disciples. It also states that they were afraid to ask him, and didn’t understand what was saying about his death. Matthew makes the first change to show that Jesus wants other people to know of his death. Most likely they were other believers and followers of Jesus. It almost like saying that Jesus was not selfish in just telling his disciples of his death, and that he wanted to share it with people who believed in him.

Novel vs. Book Essay

This year we had the chance to read Everything is Illuminated by Jonathan Safran Foer, and we also watched the film adaptation directed by Liev Schreiber. Being able to see the two settings helps out to compare the two, see the differences between the novel and the movie. It is very important to mention that the movie definitely changed the perspective of the story we initially read due to the adaptations that were done by Schreiber. Even though, we did not read the whole book in class, a few differences can be brought out from what we read and saw regarding to this novel and movie. Everything is Illuminated is a novel written by Jonathan Safran Foer. This book was published in 2002, and due to its success, Liev Schreiber decided to adapt and direct the film with the same name, which was released in 2005. The movie starred Elijah Wood, Eugene Hutz, and Boris Leskin. The movie and the book varied greatly with the differences, and especially the adaptations changed the end of the movie completely. The settings of the book and the movie are completely different. The book is a set of letters written by both Alex and Jonathan, while the movie is focused in the dialogue they have in their adventure through Trachimbrod trying to find Augustine. In the movie, they did not explore Trachimbrod as much as they did in the book. The same characters that are in the book appear in the movie but there are a couple of losses when it comes to the characters personalities. The very first difference that can be seen is that in the book Jonathan is a writer looking for the woman who saved his grandfather, while in the movie he is actually a collector with the same mission. It is understandable that this change was done because the viewers would not have read any of the thoughts of his thoughts, and they rather used some sort of symbolization about how every single thing he collects have a especial meaning to him. Another thing that has been lost in the film adaptation is the growth in Alex’s character. In the book, we read an Alex who transforms from this funny immature broken-English speaking Ukrainian to a more considerate and mature young man, who even stands up to his abusive dad. It is a great loss character because this growth is one of the most important things that are appreciated in the book. It is a shame that it was not part of the movie because it would have been nice to how he transform from a kid to young man. Alex is not the only one who grows a character though; Grandfather does too. When t comes to Grandfather, it is when we face the biggest changes between the book and the film. In the book, Grandfather is a man who abhors Jewish people and even gave up his Jewish best friend to the Nazis in order to save his family. He even feels bad after, for saving the life of whom now abuses his own children, causing them trouble and those â€Å"bruises†. In the movie, Grandfather is a Jewish man who escaped death by the hands of the Nazis and lived the rest of his liv e in Ukraine pretending not to be Jewish. Also, the death of Grandfather was totally unexpected. Right after they met Lista, he committed suicide. Things should have been different when it comes to his growth as a character too. In the movie, the essence of Grandfather being a good person and feeling sorry is lost. It is bothersome to see how the movie differed greatly from the book, especially because the movie ends in the concept of a united family, and Jonathan Safran Foer did not write that at all. He emphasized Alex’s growth and showed how he stood up against his dad, who abused him and Little Igor. Alex became the figure of power and the one his brother will look up to. The fact that the movie did not capture that it is a great flaw from their part. Both Jonathan Safran Foer and Liev Schreiber did a good job; each of them portrayed something different with their piece of work. The movie is greatly criticized by the differences from the book but Schreiber had the courage to change things up a little and see it turned out. Liev Schreiber and Jonathan Safran Foer, both emphasized history as the theme of the plot and it worked perfectly as almost the only similarity the novel and the film adaptation had.

Police Misconduct And The Police Subculture Essay

Police Misconduct and the Police Subculture Police misconduct has remained a serious problem since the beginning of policing. Police officers have grant especial power that if not use in an ethical way can end in police misconduct. Police officers are the ones who are supposed to protect and serve the communities, so it is horrible to know that some officers engage in misconduct behaviors that are hampering the trust and confidence that people in society have on them. Some police officers do not hold themselves to the ethical standards that they should follow and by this situation they engage in police misconduct. In addition, police misconduct is a topic that through the years of policing has been creating arguments and divisions between communities and police departments. Since the beginning of policing it is well-known that different reforms had been put in place to prevent police misconduct from happening but, unfortunately police misconduct is still prevalent in police organizat ions. The movie Fort Apache the Bronx addressed this problem of police brutality when two officers killed a teenager for not reason. During the movie it was palpable how the police subculture was a serious problem that leads to officers engaging in unethical behavior because they feel protected under the code of silence that reflects the occupational solidarity that exists among officers and requires that officers neither report nor incriminate fellow officers. The nature of police work createsShow MoreRelatedTraining Day - Police Corruption Misconduct1160 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ â€Å"Training Day† Police Corruption and Misconduct L**** C**** Ogeechee Technical College Criminal Justice Criminal Justice Practicum (CRJU2090) Neal Owens June 8, 2014 â€Å"Training Day† – Police Corruption and Misconduct Special units in police forces are essential to the function of any organization, however some of these special units might evolve into feeling superior to the rest of the agency. The mentality of doing it their own way sets in and more likely than not thisRead MoreThe Law Enforcement System And The Criminal Justice System Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pages† In addition, in this essay I will be discussing about, the cause and effect of how the law enforcement system relates to unethical behavior, to police subcultures, and finally, corruption prevention programs. 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